home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
-
-
-
- TTTTIIIIMMMMEEEEDDDD((((1111MMMM)))) TTTTIIIIMMMMEEEEDDDD((((1111MMMM))))
-
-
-
- NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
- timed - time server daemon
-
- SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
- ////uuuussssrrrr////eeeettttcccc////ttttiiiimmmmeeeedddd [ ----ttttddddMMMM ] [ ----GGGG netgroup] [ ----FFFF host1 host2 ...]
- [ ----nnnn network ] [ ----iiii network ] [ ----PPPP param-file ]
-
- DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
- _T_i_m_e_d is a time server daemon and is normally invoked at boot time from
- the /etc/init.d/network file. It synchronizes the host's time with the
- time of other machines in a local area network running _t_i_m_e_d. These time
- servers will slow down the clocks of some machines and speed up the
- clocks of others to bring them to the average network time. The average
- network time is computed from measurements of clock differences using the
- ICMP timestamp request message.
-
- _T_i_m_e_d communicates with the _d_a_t_e(1) command in order to set the date
- globally. Adjustments made by the date command are accumulated by the
- time daemon with all other adjustments. This means that timed can
- automatically adjust the system clock on an isolated machine, not
- connected to a network. The adjustments from the date command change the
- _t_i_m_e_t_r_i_m parameter described below.
-
- The service provided by _t_i_m_e_d is based on a master-slave scheme. When
- _t_i_m_e_d is started on a machine, it asks the master for the network time
- and sets the host's clock to that time. After that, it accepts
- synchronization messages periodically sent by the master and calls
- _a_d_j_t_i_m_e(2) to perform the needed corrections on the host's clock. The
- master adjusts its own clock by averaging the clocks of all trusted
- machines (see below) with its own clock. If the machine running the
- master crashes, then the slaves elect a new master from among slaves
- running with the ----MMMM flag. A _t_i_m_e_d running without the ----MMMM, ----FFFF, or ----GGGG
- flags will remain a slave.
-
- Note that "master-slave" suggests things to many people that are not
- true. A better word than "master" is "moderator." Unless the clock of
- the so called master is extremely bad, the time it distributes to the so
- called slaves is the median of all of the slaves. As long as the so
- called master can keep time for the few seconds from when it starts to
- measure the current time of all of the slaves until it sends the
- difference between each slave's clock and the median, the master's clock
- is fine. Bad clocks are treated the same whether they are on the master
- or a slave. Times that are very different from the median are discarded,
- and then the median of the remaining times is computed and used. For
- that reason, it is practically always wrong to run _t_i_m_e_d without the ----MMMM
- flag.
-
- _T_i_m_e_d logs accumulated corrections in the system log (see _s_y_s_l_o_g_d(1M)) to
- ease adjusting the local clock. The clock can be adjusted by changing
- the _t_i_m_e_t_r_i_m parameter using systune(1M) or with the _s_y_s_s_g_i(2) system
- call. This parameter is used by the operating system to compensate for
- variations among machines. It can be used to improve the accuracy of the
-
-
-
- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 1111
-
-
-
-
-
-
- TTTTIIIIMMMMEEEEDDDD((((1111MMMM)))) TTTTIIIIMMMMEEEEDDDD((((1111MMMM))))
-
-
-
- local clock. ----PPPP ppppaaaarrrraaaammmm----ffffiiiilllleeee specifies a file in which to save a computed
- value of the _t_i_m_e_t_r_i_m parameter. The active value in the operating
- system is set to the value found in the file when the daemon started. An
- error message is displayed when the daemon is first started if the file
- contains nonsense. However, a corrected value will be placed in the file
- during its normal updates. A good choice for the file name is
- /_v_a_r/_a_d_m/_t_i_m_e_t_r_i_m.
-
- The ----FFFF flag means only the local machine and the machines _h_o_s_t_1, _h_o_s_t_2,
- etc., are trusted to have good hardware clocks and to be securely
- administered. Any attempts to change the clocks by other, untrusted
- machines are ignored, except to log them in the system log. The clocks
- of untrusted machines are not averaged by the master if the master is the
- only trusted machine. Untrusted clocks that are close to the clock of
- the master are used if there is more than one trusted master active. A
- master which has been told it is trustworthy will tell untrustworthy
- machines which try to be elected master to be quiet, to "squash" them.
-
- A machine without the ----GGGG or ----FFFF flags trusts all other machines as much as
- it trusts itself.
-
- The clock of a daemon started with ----FFFF llllooooccccaaaallllhhhhoooosssstttt and without ----GGGG "free
- runs." In other words, if the machine does not trust any other machines,
- it does not try to adjust its own clock.
-
- The ----GGGG flag is used to specify a netgroup (see _n_e_t_g_r_o_u_p(4)) of trusted
- machines. This flag allows central administration of the list of trusted
- machines. Making gateways trusted ties the clocks in an internet
- together, because after a network partition is healed, the trusted
- gateways will suppress the upstart local master elected during the
- partition.
-
- _T_i_m_e_d requests synchronization service from the first master server
- located. If permitted by the ----MMMM flag, it will provide synchronization
- service on any attached networks on which no current master server was
- detected. Such a server propagates the time computed by the top-level
- master. The ----nnnn flag, followed by the name of a network which the host is
- connected to (see _n_e_t_w_o_r_k_s(4)), overrides the default choice of the
- network addresses made by the program. Each time the ----nnnn flag appears,
- that network name is added to a list of valid networks. All other
- networks are ignored. The ----iiii flag, followed by the name of a network to
- which the host is connected (see _n_e_t_w_o_r_k_s(4)), overrides the default
- choice of the network addresses made by the program. Each time the ----iiii
- flag appears, that network name is added to a list of networks to ignore.
- All other networks are used by the time daemon. The ----nnnn and ----iiii flags are
- meaningless if used together.
-
- The ----tttt flag causes _t_i_m_e_d to trace the messages it receives in the file
- /var/adm/timed.log. Tracing can be turned on or off by the program
- _t_i_m_e_d_c(1M). Beware that the log file grows very quickly in a large
- network.
-
-
-
-
- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 2222
-
-
-
-
-
-
- TTTTIIIIMMMMEEEEDDDD((((1111MMMM)))) TTTTIIIIMMMMEEEEDDDD((((1111MMMM))))
-
-
-
- The ----dddd flag is for debugging the daemon. It causes the program to not
- put itself into the background.
-
- _T_i_m_e_d checks for a master time server on each network to which it is
- connected, except as modified by the ----nnnn and ----iiii options described above.
- If it finds masters on more than one network, it chooses one network on
- which to be a "slave," and then periodically checks the other networks to
- see if the masters there have disappeared.
-
- The _t_i_m_e_s_l_a_v_e(1M) daemon can be used to inexpensively synchronize the
- clock on a machine to the clock on a remote machine. It does not require
- any daemons or special programs on the remote machine.
-
- One way to synchronize a group of IRIS's is to use timeslave to
- synchronize the clock of one machine to a distant standard or a radio
- receiver and ----FFFF hhhhoooossssttttnnnnaaaammmmeeee to tell its timed daemon to trust only itself.
-
- Messages printed by the kernel on the system console occur with
- interrupts disabled. This means that the clock stops while they are
- printing. A machine with many disk or network hardware problems and
- consequent messages cannot keep good time by itself. Each message
- typically causes the clock to lose a dozen milliseconds. A time daemon
- can correct the result, but will compute a bogus timetrim value.
-
- Messages in the system log about machines that failed to respond usually
- indicate machines that crashed or were turned off. Complaints about
- machines that failed to respond to initial time settings are often
- associated with "multi-homed" machines that looked for time masters on
- more than one network and eventually chose to become a slave on the other
- network.
-
- WWWWAAAARRRRNNNNIIIINNNNGGGG
- If two or more time daemons, whether _t_i_m_e_d, _t_i_m_e_s_l_a_v_e, or NTP, try to
- adjust the same clock, temporal chaos will result. If both _t_i_m_e_d and
- _t_i_m_e_s_l_a_v_e are run on the same machine, ensure that the ----GGGG flag is not
- used but that the ----FFFF flag is used, so that _t_i_m_e_d never attempts to adjust
- the local clock.
-
- The protocol is based on UDP/IP broadcasts. All machines within the
- range of a broadcast that are using the TSP protocol must cooperate.
- There cannot be more than a single administrative domain using the ----FFFF or
- ----GGGG flags among all machines reached by a broadcast packet. Failure to
- follow this rule is usually indicated by complaints concerning
- "untrusted" machines in the system log.
-
- FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS
- /var/adm/timed.log tracing file for timed
- /var/adm/SYSLOG system log
- /etc/init.d/network start-up script
- /etc/config/timed.options optional flags, by default
- "-G timelords -P /var/adm/timetrim"
- /var/adm/timetrim default file for timetrim accumulation
-
-
-
- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 3333
-
-
-
-
-
-
- TTTTIIIIMMMMEEEEDDDD((((1111MMMM)))) TTTTIIIIMMMMEEEEDDDD((((1111MMMM))))
-
-
-
- SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
- chkconfig(1M), date(1), adjtime(2), gettimeofday(2), icmp(4P),
- timedc(1M), timeslave(1M), systune(1M)
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 4444
-
-
-
-